GMO the Necessary Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GMO the Necessary Evil - Essay Example There have been many blended responses because of GM nourishments in light of the wild discussion encompassing GMO innovation. Today, the procedure of hereditary change is quickly progressing all through the planet. In 2004, 8.25 million ranchers in 17 countries developed the yields (Ahmed 30). The creation and advertising of GM nourishments are because of the shallow advantages they hold either to the maker or to utilization of these hereditary food sources. At the point when it was first presented, GM seeds engineers required their items to be acknowledged by makers and spotlight on advancements that have direct advantages to the ranchers and the food business on the loose. For instance, the International Rice Research Institute situated in the Philippines fabricated the GM brilliant rice to help individuals in South East Asia that were inadequate with regards to food. Examination has demonstrated that GMO presents noteworthy dangers due to uncertain exploration on their security and their impacts on the earth. In any case, I trust GMO is an important malevolence that mankind must fight with in light of the fact that it faces an up and coming food emergency. GMO is the essential malevolence that will take care of the world food issue (Specter 34). GMO nourishments are unavoidable, and we can't live without them. The World Health Organization (WHO), the Food, Drug Administration, and other logical bodies on the planet have firmly supported for the utilization of GM nourishments, since they don't incline the human wellbeing to any damage. Moreover, research demonstrates that the dangers to human wellbeing that might be achieved by the utilization of GM nourishments are equivalent to those that are delivered by the utilization of non-GM nourishments. In addition, GM nourishments are protected to use as they tried for sanitation and passed the wellbeing evaluation. A few people accept that GM nourishments ought to be dispensed with because of the dangers they have like the medical problems. People have eaten a portion of the GM nourishments accidentally, yet no whines of genuine concerns (Ahmed 18). By 2040, the world’s populace is anticipated to increment

Human Resources. The role of the workforce Essay

HR. The job of the workforce - Essay Example This paper will address two difficulties looked by business associations as sketched out by the article Slippery Slope which looked the advancing job of the human asset specialist because of the auxiliary changes in organizations. The principal area will see why Ulrich's notable worker champion job is breaking down in business associations. Before the inside and out conversation, the principal area will likewise give a foundation on the four key jobs of human asset professionals as spread out by Ulrich. The subsequent segment will handle how the progressions to the tasks of HR work have frequently made issues for HR experts, line directors and worker by and large. This paper will likewise take a gander at explicit answers for address these issues. David Ulrich perceived the job of the human asset in assisting the pushes of business associations notwithstanding fast innovative progression, globalization, development and changing client requests. He stressed that in the advancement of this hypercompetitive condition, requires an able workforce. Truth be told, he refered to that hierarchical ability can be a wellspring of upper hand in an organization. Subsequently, Ulrich provokes organizations to rethink business capacities to continue and coordinate individual capabilities (Performance Management 1998) According to this, Ulrich introduced f... ners ought to be key accomplices who make an interpretation of the association's systems vigorously; regulatory specialists who manufacture effective business framework; worker champions who increment representative's responsibility and ability; and change operators who considerably comprehend the hypothesis of progress and apply them to business associations (Performance Management 1998). Among all the four key jobs referenced over, this paper will exclusively concentrate on the representative victor job of human asset specialist. Ulrich portrayed this job as tuning in and reacting to workers and finding the correct harmony between the requests of representatives and assets accessible on workers. So as to do this, the organization's HR office must discover time to realize their workers well and invest energy meeting and tuning in to their interests. This job likewise incorporates advancing correspondence using worker studies, representative recommendation programs, all-worker gatherings, on-going correspondence on business status, and whatever other program that can make representatives part of the group and committed to client support (The HR Philosophy 2006). These days, worker champion is additionally alluded to as representative promoter. Be that as it may, as will be talked about in the following sections, this job is quickly being disposed of in business associa tion because of different changes in organization structure. As indicated by the investigation directed by Helen Francis and Anne Keegan, the present business structure encouraged the crumbling of the worker champion job of human asset professionals. Nonetheless, it ought to be noticed that the breaking down of this job can be followed to current accentuation on business or vital banding together. The creators note the fast increment in the quantity of organizations searching for HR colleagues as

Self-Determination Theory How It Explains Motivation

Self-Determination Theory How It Explains Motivation Theories Print Self-Determination Theory and Motivation By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 07, 2019 Edwin Jimenez / Cultura Exclusive / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In psychology, self-determination is an important concept that refers to each persons ability to make choices and manage their own life. This ability plays an important role in psychological health and well-being. Self-determination allows people to feel that they have control over their choices and lives. It also has an impact on motivationâ€"people feel more motivated to take action when they feel that what they do will have an effect on the outcome. The concept of self-determination has been applied to a wide variety of areas including education, work, parenting, exercise, and health. Research suggests that having high self-determination can fosters success in many different domains of life. What Is Self-Determination Theory? Self-determination theory  suggests that people are motivated to grow and change by three innate and universal psychological needs. This theory suggests that people are able to become self-determined when their needs for competence, connection, and autonomy are fulfilled. The concept of intrinsic motivation, or engaging in activities for the inherent rewards of the behavior itself, plays an important role in self-determination theory. Self-determination theory grew out of the work of psychologists Edward Deci and Richard Ryan, who first introduced their ideas in their 1985 book Self-Determination and Intrinsic Motivation in Human Behavior. They developed a theory of motivation which suggested that people tend to be driven by a need to grow and gain fulfillment. Two key assumptions of the theory: The need for growth drives behavior. The first assumption of self-determination theory is that people are actively directed toward growth. Gaining mastery over challenges and taking in new experiences are essential for developing a cohesive sense of self. Autonomous motivation is important. While people are often motivated to act by external rewards such as money, prizes, and acclaim (known as  extrinsic motivation), self-determination theory focuses primarily on internal sources of motivation such as a need to gain knowledge or independence (known as  intrinsic motivation). Differences Between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation According to self-determination theory, people need to feel the following in order to achieve psychological growth: Competence:  People need to gain mastery of tasks and learn different skills. When people feel that they have the skills needed for success, they are more likely to take actions that will help them achieve their goals.Connection or Relatedness:  People need to experience a sense of belonging and attachment to other people.Autonomy:  People need to feel in control of their own behaviors and goals. This sense of being able to take direct action that will result in real change plays a major part in helping people feel self-determined. Imagine a person who fails to complete an important project at work. If this person is high in self-determination, they will admit their fault, believe that they can do something to fix the problem and take action to correct the mistake. If that same person was low in self-determination, they might instead look for other things that they can blame. They might make excuses, assign blame, or refuse to admit that their own role. Most importantly, perhaps, is that this person wont feel motivated to fix the mistake. Instead, they might feel helpless to control the situation and believe that nothing that they do will have any real effect. How the Self-Determination Theory Works It is important to realize that the psychological growth described by self-determination theory does not simply happen automatically. While people might be oriented toward such growth, it requires continual  sustenance. Ryan and Deci have suggested that the tendency to be either proactive or passive is largely influenced by the social conditions in which people are raised.  Social support is key. Through our relationships and interactions with others, we can either foster or thwart well-being and personal growth. While social support is important, there are other factors that can also help or hinder the three elements needed for growth. Extrinsic motivators can sometimes lower self-determination. According to Deci, giving people  extrinsic rewards  for already intrinsically motivated behavior can undermine autonomy. As the behavior becomes increasingly controlled by external rewards, people begin to feel less in control of their own behavior and intrinsic motivation is diminished.Positive feedback and boost self-determination. Deci also suggests that offering unexpected positive encouragement and feedback on a persons performance on a task can increase intrinsic motivation. This type of feedback helps people to feel more competent, which is one of the key needs for personal growth. How Overjustification Reduces Intrinsic Motivation Self-Determined vs. Non-Self-Determined Behaviors While extrinsic and intrinsic motivation are often portrayed as separate and distinct, behavior is complex and people are rarely driven to act by a single source of motivation. People may often draw on multiple sources of motivation in the pursuit of a goal. If you are training to compete in a marathon, for example, you might be extrinsically motivated by a desire to gain approval from others as well as intrinsically motivated by the satisfaction you gain from the activity itself. Rather than thinking of motivation as being driven by either extrinsic or intrinsic rewards, it is often helpful to view it as a continuum between self-determined and non-self-determined behaviors: Purely self-determined behaviors tend to be intrinsically driven and are done for enjoyment, interest, and inherent satisfaction for the action itself.On the other end of the continuum are non-self-determined behaviors, which are performed only because they must be done. On this extreme end of the scale, there is a complete lack of control. In most cases, behaviors tend to lie somewhere in the middle of the continuum. There is often a varying amount of external motivation, which can also fuel a degree of internal motivation. People may engage in actions because they feel they have some level of personal control and the behaviors ultimately align with something that is important for self-concept. Most actions are not purely self-determined or non-self-determined. Instead, actions often rely on a certain degree of self-determination that may also be influenced by extrinsic motivations. Self-Determination in the Real World Self-determination can play an important role in how people function in many different areas of their lives. Feeling in control and intrinsically motivated can help people feel more committed, passionate, interested, and satisfied with the things that they do. In the Workplace: People who feel that they are able to have a positive effect at work tend to feel more engaged and motivated. How else can employers build self-determination in their workers? Managers and leaders can foster this sense of self-determination by allowing team members to take an active role.Offer employees responsibilities, provide meaningful feedback, and offer support and encouragement.  Employers should be careful not to overuse extrinsic rewards. Too many rewards can undercut intrinsic motivation (a phenomenon known as the overjustification effect), yet too few can cause employees to feel unappreciated. In Competition: In competitive settings such as sports and athletics, fostering a sense of self-determination can inspire people to excel. Athletes who feel that they are capable of achieving their goals and overcoming challenges are often driven to perform better.Excelling allows people to gain an important sense of competence and build mastery in skills that are enjoyable and important to them. Researchers have also found that people who have an internal sense of control are also more likely to stick to a regular exercise regimen.   In Social Settings Self-determination can also play an important role in social relationships. A sense of belongingness is critical in the development of self-determination. Forging close, affectionate relationships with other people can improve self-determination. Seek positive relationships with people who will support you in the pursuit of your goals.Offer support and feedback to the people who are part of your social circle. In School Settings Self-determined students are more likely to feel motivated to achieve. There are things that educators can to do help students foster a sense of self-determination and intrinsic motivation: Providing unexpected positive feedback when students perform well can help improve competenceAvoiding excessive external rewards for actions students already enjoy can help improve internal motivation How to Improve Self-Determination In order to strengthen your own self-determination, it is helpful to think about what a highly self-determined individual might look like. People who are high in self-determination tend to: Believe that they have control over their own lives. They have an internal locus of control and feel that their behaviors will have an influence on outcomes. When confronted with challenges, they feel that they can overcome them through diligence, good choices, and hard work.Have high self-motivation. They do not rely on external rewards or punishments to motivate them to take action. They engage in behaviors because they are good at setting goals and working toward those aims.Base their actions on their own goals and behaviors. In other words, they intentionally engage in actions that they know will bring them closer toward their goals.Take responsibility for their behaviors. Highly self-determined people take credit for their success, but they also accept the blame for their failures. Improving self-awareness, decision-making skills, self-regulation, and goal-setting abilities can encourage the growth of stronger self-determination. Steps you can take to improve your own sense of self-determination: Find Social Support Social connectivity is one of the main components of self-determination theory. Strong social relationships can foster motivation and well-being, while poor relationships can contribute to a poor sense of self and weak motivation. Deci and Ryan have suggested that it is the social environment that can either help or hinder a self-determined perspective. Strong social support offers opportunities for growth, while poor support can disrupt inner experiences. Gain Mastery Becoming skilled in areas that are important to you is a helpful way to build your sense of self-determination. Whether you have a strong interest in a hobby, sport, academic subject, or another area, learning as much as you can about it and improving your skills can help you feel more competent. The more you learn and practice, the more skilled and self-determined you will likely feel. A Word From Verywell Self-determination theory can be helpful in understanding the things that might motivate your behaviors. Being self-determined, feeling like you have the autonomy and freedom to make choices that shape your destiny, is important for each persons well-being. When you pursue things that are intrinsically motivated that are aligned with your goals, you will feel happier and more capable of making good choices. How to Improve Your Self-Control

Social Control And Its Impact On America s Public Housing...

Promised a helping hand, security, and affordable living, residents of Chicago’s public housing soon found themselves in dilapidated, drug-infested, crime-filled, isolated centers of despair. During a time in which most American citizens could easily turn their eyes from the struggles of the poor, Sudhir Venkatesh’s Gang Leader for a Day took readers into the depths of the world in which the poor resided. Through Venkatesh’s work, readers are inadvertently introduced to broader sociological concepts such as, collective efficacy within communities, the concentration effect, recurring themes of morality, and the underlying power of race, class, and gender as it related to the crime that took place during Venkatesh’s ethnographic like research. Collective efficacy is defined as social control exerted by cohesive communities in which there exists a mutual trust and shared responsibilities including the care of children (Siegel, 2011). When a neighborhood, or i n this case a building complex, has high collective efficacy it is believed to lower crime rates because the community members are essentially setting the standards for the behavior for what will and what will not be accepted. However, in Gang Leader for a Day, I have noticed a deviation. The people who lived in the Robert Taylor homes had been there for years, take women such as Ms. Mae and Ms. Bailey for example. Neighbors knew neighbors, children were taken care of by other neighbors, and there were respected andShow MoreRelatedWhite Backlash Occurred During Nixon s Presidency901 Words   |  4 PagesWhite backlash occurred during Nixon s presidency. Social programs and entitlement that blacks and other minorities relied on for some semblance of equality were quickly becoming unfavorable. Nixon s fear mongering and political oratory left blue-collar and middle-class whites preoccupied with issue of crime, inflation, and government spending [and] by 1972 [they] had become resentf ul of African Americans, who they believed, [were] receiving unwarranted or disproportionate benefits from the federalRead MoreUrbanization, Industrialization, Popullation1376 Words   |  6 PagesIndustrialization, Population and Urbanization are related: Social Relations, Social Control and Law? Student: Yen Hoang Keuka College How and Why Industrialization, Population and Urbanization are related: Social Relations, Social Control and Law? Industrialization, Population Growth and Urbanization are in dynamic relationship with each other that also has been contributing to change various aspects of Social Relations, Social Control and Law. America is taken as the typical example illustrating thisRead MoreRace And Gentrification. Is Gentrification Causing Segregation1351 Words   |  6 Pagesday cities are in a state of steady gentrification. Many people believe that gentrification is making the city more modern, safe, and appealing to other people. However, these people in their naivety fail to comprehend the hidden consequences and impact of gentrification on various ethnic groups and low-income families. Gentrification is a master of disguise that hides itself with assumed correlations to everyday people. One such assumption is that gentrification will increase the socioeconomic diversityRead MoreRacially Oppressive Policies in the US1401 Words   |  6 Pagesrace and the people associated with them. It is impossible to talk about the founding of America without looking at the invention of race. This is because race was intricately embedded in the foundation of America through the two part process of racialization. Through this a dichotomous race structure was developed and implemented. This was carried out mainly by the U.S. government, which used policies, social arrangements, and institutional patterns (class notes 10-6-10) to further embed race intoRead MoreThe Great Depression and Unemployment: Discussion Questions1271 Words   |  5 Pagescan be regarded as the worst depression the world has ever seen in the history. Spread across various nations, the Great Depression badly hampered each and every aspect of the economic, business, political, and social life. The most affected regions due to this economic slump were North America, Europe, and other industrialized Western countries. Among various other reasons, economists, researchers, and historians cite the Black Tuesday (October 29, 1929 ) as the biggest cause of the Great DepressionRead MoreAnnotated Outline Homelessness Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesOutline 1. Abstract All over America, there are people wandering the streets without a home. These individuals are seen as a crowd, a separate collective existence. They are called the homeless, as if that defines who they are, but we too often neglect to add the unspoken word in that title; people. It seems today that the more fortunate citizens of America who have a roof over their heads have forgotten their innate responsibility to watch over those in this world whom are incapable of caringRead More Immigrants and Immigration - Blessing or Burden? Essay1073 Words   |  5 PagesImmigrants and Immigration - Blessing or Burden? Are immigrants a fortune of diversity, or a crushing burden? America has longed battled the issue about immigration. Today people in general have a very mixed feeling about the issue of immigration. Immigrants escaping from prosecution built the United States. Today, America firmly tries to solve many of our economical, political and social difficulties due to the burden of the thousand immigrants that enters the United States. Many people argue thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Homelessness On The Homeless Population1372 Words   |  6 Pages History of Homelessness The term to describe the homeless may have changed over time, however the issue of housing insecurity has remained for some Americans throughout history (Kusmer, 2001). Although the homeless population has always maintained in the United States, homelessness became a national issue in 1870 with the emergence of the â€Å"tramp†: these were men that banded together, rode trains illegally and had negative interactions with law enforcement (2001). The movement of the homeless fromRead MoreThe American Dream By James Truslow Adams803 Words   |  4 PagesThe term â€Å" The American Dream† can be coined to historian James Truslow Adams in the early 1930’s. Adams believed that the true commitment for the American society was based of material success that was obtained by individual competition of the citizens. Furthermore, stating that the American citizens had been conditioned to desire success, with an honest belief that it was possible for one to achieve it. This was possible because the very principles that American society represented, helped eachRead MorePublic Health Nursing History1148 Words   |  5 PagesThe service of public health nursing was carried out on the frontier by nurses under the name of â€Å"Visiting nurse services† which were part of the late 19th century health reform out of ‘The Henry Street House’ in 1893, as discussed in the film â€Å"Nursing in America – A History of Social Reform†. They held many roles outside of nursing, those roles and missions and struggles will be discussed. The Henry Street House was opened in 1893 by Lilian Wald who established the phrase ‘public health nurse’

Essay about The Beginning of World War I - 1494 Words

WWI Synthesis Essay Bruce Lee once said, â€Å"Mistakes are always forgivable, if one has the courage to admit them† (â€Å"Bruce Lee†). During World War I, the mistake of Serbia killing the archduke was neither admitted nor forgiven. A series of events brought together the European continent into a bloody and unprecedented war. WWI depicts that a small error or miscommunication leads to a bigger issue and suffering of people as portrayed through the aftereffects of the death of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. At the beginning of WWI, the civilians and soldier’s initial expectations were expressed through various forms of propaganda, which instilled a sense of nationalism into the civilians and became a driving force to begin the war at all fronts†¦show more content†¦Where would the world be if one brought every man to book? There were thousands of Kantoreks, all of whom were convinced that they were acting for the best--in a way that cost them nothing†(Remarque 12). Remarque makes the point that the soldiers are not patriotic, and it is the nationalism of teachers and adults that causes them to reinforce the importance of protecting the fatherland. Kantorek’s small speech was able to change Paul’s view on the war from dangerous to honorable; however, as the story continues Paul and his friends fight to protect each other rather than their country. Therefore nationalistic heroism is of no value because nothing positive results from it. In conclusion, th e beginning of the war was conveyed through the driving force nationalism created by propaganda. The changing technology of the warfare on the battlefield was combined with old tactics, which eventually eased the transition into modern warfare. Each country dug trenches and would throw poison gas, or bombshells into the enemy trench. Although there were heavy casualties, one side did not have a significant advantage, or disadvantage and the war quickly turned into a stalemate. The stalemate called for new technologies, and tactics to help give one’s country an advantage. The most significant invention was the machine gun because with it, thousands of charging enemy soldiers could be shot down effortlessly (Maxwell â€Å"Entering WWI†). ChristopherShow MoreRelatedThe Beginning to World Instability: World War I956 Words   |  4 Pages Optimistically the Great War, later termed World War I, was predicted to be the war to end all wars. Given the number of wars that have ensued since, unfortunately, this prediction was unreliable. Nearly 10,000,000 military personnel and 7,000,000 civilians lost their lives in World War I and an additional 20,000,000 people were wounded. War land damage was catastrophic. Of the nine French villages completely destroyed on the Western Front during World War I, six remain uninhabited to thisRead MoreThe Beginning of World War I Essay examples572 Words   |  3 PagesWhat started World War One and the events that drew the United States in to it? A young man by the name of Gavrilo Princip shot and killed the archduke heir to the Austrian throne, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie at point blank range. Princip actions cause an outrage among the Europeans which escalated the bitter freud with the Serbian and the Austro-Hungarians. The disputes over and many other issues lead to t he Austro-Hungarians and its German ally declaring war on Serbia. The Russians alliedRead MoreThe Political And Geographic Situation Of Europe At The Beginning Of World War I991 Words   |  4 Pages The political/geographic situation in Europe at the beginning of World War I was full of conflict and strife with nations already seeped in rivalry and hatred, bidding for power with military might and seeking to obtain it no matter what the cost or how much human life it would take to attain. Alliances are formed in a amalgamation of shared hatred for equal enemies and desire for power , Europe is abound with chaos. European borders seem to be ever changing like that of a snaking river. Austria-HungaryRead MoreThe Beginning Of World War I And Commencement Of A Tumultuous Era For Politics, Society And Art2149 Words   |  9 PagesThe year of 1914 marked the beginning of World War I and the commencement of a tumultuous era for politics, society and art. Amongst the considerable number of people negatively affected by the dreadfulness of the war, many of them found different ways of expressing their repugnance towards the horrific routes that humanity had taken. The Dada movement in particular began not only as a reaction against the war but also as a commentary on the social circumstances that lead to it. This essay reflectsRead MoreWar and Death in the Twentieth Century 1046 Words   |  4 Pages The twentieth century was dominated by war and death. From the turn of the century, major powers fought against one another trying to fight against those that oppressed them and others fighting to keep oppressors from oppressing the people. World War I, World War II, and the Cold War were wars that dominated this century, though there were many other, smaller, battles that took place throughout these years. 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The greatest changes were seen after World War I, when many large empires were forced to separate in order to avoid global catastrophe. Secret military alliances posed a threat to the global community, and the countries that engaged in these clandestine agreements were atRead MoreEssay On Foreign Affairs1216 Words   |  5 Pagesisolationism to internationalism. At the beginning of the Spanish-American War, William McKinley was not interested in getting involved in other nations’ affairs. It has been a policy of the Unites States to â€Å"maintain relations of peace and friendship with all the nations of the world.† The Unites States has also cherished the policy of â€Å"not interfering with the affairs of foreign governments.† They always kept themselves away from entanglement and would never enter a war unless keeping peace have failedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Guns Of August Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great War, more known as World war 1 is perhaps the most famous war in American history. Most people only know that the Great war was the first world war that caused catastrophe through the worlds alliances. The Guns of August also known as August 1914 is a historical work of nonfiction written about the beginning of World War I. The Guns of August is an interesting book that goes through the first co uple of months of the war. This book explains in great detail of the causes of the war like theRead MoreThe Causes Of The Great War I1632 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War I was a complex war with tensions simmering for numerous years before finally boiling over. The immediate and obvious cause to the war was the assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand by a Serbian nationalist society in June of 1914. The underlying causes of World War I were nationalism, imperialism, and militarism by actors on both sides of the war and would only be resolved by American intervention. The causes of the Great War go further back into the nineteenth century The powers

Exam Study Sheet Free Essays

ERP as a business concept resounds as a powerful internal information management nirvana: Everyone involved in sourcing, producing, and delivering the company’s product works with the same information, which eliminates redundancies, reduces wasted time, and removes misinformation. Learning outcomes Buffet believes In focused Investing and believes that all Investors should look at five features: 1 . The certainty with which the long-term economic characteristics of the business can be evaluated 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Exam Study Sheet or any similar topic only for you Order Now The certainty with which management can be evaluated, both as to Its ability to realize the full potential of the business and to wisely employ Its cash flows 3. The certainty with which management can be counted on to channel the reward from the business to the shareholders rather than to Itself 4. The purchase price of the business the degree by which an investor’s purchasing-power return is reduced from his gross return Innovation finding new six best practices of innovation: Find your relevant edge Assemble innovation hothouses Reward risk takers Celebrate diversity Look around Mix practitioners and developers Social entrepreneurship â€Å"going green† Social Responsibility implies that an organization has a responsibility to society. Corporate Policy reflects the position a company takes on social and political issues. Sustainable or â€Å"Green† describes systems that minimize damage to the environment. Energy consumption Breakdown of Power Usage in The Typical Data Centre For convenience and to allow for automatic updates and backup, the majority of computer equipment is never completely shut down. It draws energy 24 hours a day. Percentage lighting/humidifier power distribution units air conditioners Ups IT equipment Chiller E waste State – Refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices Sustainable IT disposal – Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their life cycle Electronic Product Stewardship Canada (PEPS) – an industry association that educates and encourages e-waste control Recent International laws restrict the use of hazardous materials. Moor’s Law has made technological devices smaller, cheaper, and faster, allowing more people from all income levels to purchase computing equipment. This increased demand is causing numerous environmental issues. State refers to drives, printer cartridges, cell phones, pods, external hard drives, TV’s, Vicars, DVD players, microwaves, and so on. Greener IT four ways to save energy in a data center use outdoor air for cooling, cool high density areas, use low power processors, incorporate cooling solutions, use server power management, buy high efficiency power supplies, use overpopulation to consolidate servers. Organizational social networking three types of social networking an organization can implement: Passive search Boomerangs Marketing networks Passive Search?Finding people for new Jobs who are happy and productive where they through business networking sites. Boomerangs?Former employees returning to old Jobs. Marketing Networks?Using business networks for marketing and events It’s a whole new world Virtual World?An Internet resource which presents a AD virtual community. Virtual Organizations- interactive web presence for businesses and their customers. Virtual Workforce?working from home†¦ Or anywhere via the Internet. Tools for virtual workforce Mobile commerce (m-commerce)?ability to purchase goods and services through a mobile device. Telemetric?The blending of wired and wireless technologies for efficient electronic communication. Electronic tagging?the use of RIFF (radio frequency identification) and other systems to identify and tracking digital assets. 4. Enterprise resource planning ERP Failures Blaming ERP for the â€Å"pickle† that many a company who has implemented ERP find themselves in is like blaming the CAD package for a poorly architect building. Like just about everything else, IT-enabling business processes is about using the right tools for the right reasons and executing. Enterprise resource planning – integrates all departments and functions hat employees can make enterprise-wide decisions by viewing enterpris e-wide information on all business operations. ERP powerful organization tools Solution to incompatible applications. Addresses the need for global information sharing. Avoids the expense of fixing legacy systems. Legacy Systems?are older computer technology still in use. Functional Systems? serve single business departments or units. Legacy systems exist in personal computing as well as business Enterprise resource planning system Core data – employees, orders, customers, sales, inventory 0 ERP- Global sales report, Global manufacturing report, global shipping report Enterprise resource planning – ERP Integration Data Flow At the heart of all ERP systems is a database; when a user enters or updates information in one module, it is immediately and automatically updated throughout the entire system â€Å"Data† (centre) – purchasing, accounting and finance, manual resources, inventory, manufacturing, marketing and sales Why do organizations need integrations, if an ERP system contains one database that connects all applications together? Most organizations operate functional â€Å"silos†, and each department happily has its own systems A company might purchase an ERP and then all of the functional silos would be on one system; however, this doesn’t happen very often in the real world ERP automates business processes such as order fulfillment?taking an order from a customer, shipping the purchase, and then billing for it. With an ERP system, when a customer service representative takes an order from a customer, he or she has all the data necessary to complete the order. When one department finishes with the order, it is automatically routed via the ERP system to the next department. To find out here the order is at any point, a user needs only to log in to the ERP system and track the order. ERP systems automate business processes, for example, order fulfillment When a Customer Service Representative (CARS) takes an order from a customer, he or she has all the information necessary to complete the order (the customer’s credit rating and order history, the company’s inventory levels, and the delivery schedule) ERP process flow Data†centre† sales/quote/order warehouse pack/ship receiving returns accounting/billing/payment The organization before ERP Multiple functional systems provide support for the unique needs of each department but cannot be integrated across the enterprise document management, workflow, ERP †¦ Etc The organization after ERP – A central processing needs of each functional unit while having data sharing across the enterprise. Core and extended ERP components The evolution of ERP ERP – material planning, order entry, distribution, general ledger, accounting, shop floor control Extended ERP – scheduling, forecasting, capacity planning, commerce, warehousing, logistics ERP -II – project management, knowledge management, workflow management, customer relationship’, human resource, portal capability Core ERP components – traditional components included in most ERP systems and they primarily focus on internal operations Extended ERP components – extra components that meet the organizational needs not covered by the core components and primarily focus on external operations Core and extended ERP components Three most common core ERP components 1 . Accounting and finance 2. Production and materials management 3. Human resource Accounting and finance ERP component – manages accounting data and financial processes within the enterprise with functions such as general ledger, accounts payable, accounts receivable, budgeting, and asset management Dudley Harley-Davidson Canada (DDCD), the exclusive Canadian distributor of Harley- Davidson motorcycles, has improved inventory, turnaround time, margins, and customer satisfaction?all with the implementation of a financial ERP system Production and materials management ERP component – handles the various aspects of production planning and execution such as demand forecasting, production scheduling, Job cost accounting, and quality control Production and materials management ERP components This figure displays the typical ERP production planning process. The process begins with forecasting sales in order to plan operations. A detailed production schedule is developed if the product is produced, and a materials requirement plan is completed in the product is purchased. Sales forecasting 0 operations planning 0 detailed scheduling/production, 0 materials requirement planning, purchasing Human resource ERP component – tracks employee information including payroll, legal requirements of multiple Jurisdictions and tax authorities Extended ERP components include: Business intelligence Customer relationship management Supply chain management E-business Business intelligence – describes information that people use to support their decision-making efforts Customer relationship management – involves managing all aspects of a customer’s relationships with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization’s profitability Supply chain management – involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability E-business – means conducting business on the Internet, not only buying and selling, but also Irving customers and collaborating with business partners Primary Users and Business Benefits of Enterprise Applications Enterprise application – CRM, SCM, ERP Examples parenting/CSS, customers, accosting finance logistics Integration Middleware – Several different types of software that sit between and provide connectivity for two or more software application s The connected corporation Enterprise application integration middleware – Takes a new approach to middleware by packaging commonly used applications together, reducing the time needed to integrate applications from multiple vendors Measuring ERP Success with the Balanced Scorecard The Four Primary Perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard Vision and strategy – financial, internal business process, customer, learning and growing Balanced Scorecard is a measurement system whose objective is to clarify the company’s vision and strategy and translate them into actions. It starts with the customer†¦ Customer?†To achieve our vision, how should we appear to our customer. Financial -â€Å"To succeed financially, how should we be appearing to our shareholders? † Internal Business Process?†To satisfy our shareholders and customers, what business processes must we excel at? † Learning and Growing?†To achieve our vision, how will we sustain our ability to change and improve? † Successful ERP projects share 3 attributes 1. Overall fit Off the rack Off the rack and tailored to fit Custom made 2. Proper business analysis Successful companies spend up to 10 percent of the project budget on a business analysis 3. Solid implementation plans A plan is needed to monitor the quality, objectives, and timeliness Overall fit This refers to the degree of gaps that exist between the system and the business process. A well-fitting ERP has no major process gaps and very few minor ones Proper business analysis The best way to determine which fit strategy is right is to conduct a thorough business analysis. Successful companies normally spend up to 10 percent of the project budget on a business analysis. Chapter 5 Operations Management and Supply Chain Management SECTION 5. – OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT â€Å"over view† Operations Management Fundamentals MM in Business Information Systems’ Role in MM SECTION 5. 2 – SUPPLY CHAIN FUNDAMENTALS Supply Chain Fundamentals Information Systems’ Role in the Supply Chain Supply Chain Management Success Factors Future Supp ly Chain Trends Operations management foundations Production management describes all the activities managers do to help companies create goods. Operations management (MM) is the management of systems or processes that convert or transform resources (including human resources) into goods and services. A transformation process is often referred to as the technical core, especially in manufacturing organizations, and is the actual conversion of inputs to outputs. Operations management fundamentals Operations Involves the Conversion of Inputs into Outputs Example of Inputs, Transformation, and Outputs MM in business Typical MM activities include: Forecasting Capacity planning Scheduling Managing inventory Assuring quality Motivating and training employees Locating facilities Forecasting: Estimating demand for a product/service Capacity Planning: Determining the amount of space, equipment and throughput is needed to achieve the production targets. Scheduling: Determining when the production will occur. Managing inventory: Ensuring raw materials will be available on time and in place and that work in progress and finished goods have storage. Assuring quality: Ensuring standards are met through sampling inputs, in process work and outputs. Motivating and training employees: Appropriate pay, benefits, scheduling, and direction, supervision and instructions. Locating Facilities: Determining where to put production facilities and the cost effectiveness of near major markets or away from markets and close to transportation routes. Hierarchy of operational planning IS support for operations strategy depends on IS support for operations strategy depends on: Level of available technology. Skill level of workers. Degree of vertical integration, to what degree the suppliers are owned (or partnered) with the company. Extent to which outside suppliers are used. SUB Strategic Business Unit?is a stand-alone business under a corporate umbrella Strategic Planning?are the collection of decisions focus in doing the right things over a longer period of time MR. Systems?use sales forecast to make sure parts and materials are available Global Inventory Management Systems (SIMS)?locate, track and predict materials and components by installing GAPS in transportation vehicles Operational Planning and Control (POPC)?deals with day-to-day operations. Competitive MM strategy Five key competitive priorities that can add value for customers: 1 . Cost 2. Quality 3. Delivery 5. Service 1 . Cost?key determinant in a customer purchase decision 2. Quality?product quality should reflect the exact requirements of a customer Process quality ensures a consistent error-free quality level. Several international quality methodologies exist including Six Sigma Quality, SISSIES, IS014000, TTS, COMIC. An assignment for students is for individual students or groups to research one of these methodologies to see when they started and by whom; what objective is achieved and how; what prominent companies use them today and why; and what the advantages as well as disadvantages there are. 3. Delivery?fast and reliable 4. Flexibility?offering a wide variety of products to customers. Offering a choice of environmentally friendly products and services. 5. Service?New products revert to being commodities quickly. Often the distinguishing factor is the service provided by the supplier. M and the supply chain Supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in the procurement of a product or raw material Supply chain management (SCM) involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total effectiveness and profitab ility. The four basic components of Supply chain management (SCM) are: Supply chain strategy Supply chain partners Supply chain operation Supply chain logistics Supply Chain Strategy. A company must have a plan for managing all the resources that go toward meeting customer demand for products or services. Supply Chain Partners – Companies chosen to deliver finished products, raw materials and services. Supply Chain Operations -Scheduling production activities, including jesting, packaging, and preparing for delivery. Supply Chain Logistics?product delivery process and elements including orders, warehouses, carriers, defective product returns and invoicing. A typical manufacturing supply chain: Supplier, storage, manufacturing, storage (finished goods), distribution, retailer, customer A typical service supply chain: Supplier, storage, service, customer SCM software can enable an organization to generate efficiencies within these steps different supply chain components. Impact of Efficient Effective Supply Chain Management on Porter’s Five Forces Effective and efficient SCM systems can enable an organization to Decrease the power of its buyers Increase its own supplier power Increase switching costs to reduce the threat of substitute products or services Create entry barriers thereby reducing the threat of new entrants Increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership â€Å"Organizations supply chain† Supplier power + 5. 2 Supply Chain Fundamentals Supply chain fundamentals The supply chain has three main links: 1 . Materials flow from suppliers and their â€Å"upstream† suppliers at all levels 2. Transformation of materials into semi-finished and finished products through the organization’s own production process 3. Distribution of products to customers and their â€Å"downstream† customers at all levels Collecting, analyzing, and distributing transactional information to all relevant parties, SCM systems help all the different entities in the supply chain work together more effectively SCM has significantly improved companies’ forecasting abilities over the last few years A Typical Supply Chain for a Manufacturer Supplier/supplies 0 suppliers manufacturer (transformation)Ã'Ëœ distributor retailers customer customer’s customer They need to determine all areas and potential threats that make the supply chain vulnerable. For example, An unusually bad season in Australia causes the eucalyptus harvest to fall short of expectation production levels, which causes the price to skyrocket The factory in Lit, Pennsylvania, is destroyed by a fire One of its transportation ships sinks A hurricane causes one of its transportation ships to be delayed The five basic supply chain management components Plan – This is the strategic portion of supply chain management. A company must How to cite Exam Study Sheet, Papers

Department of the Spatial Information

Questions: 1. Discuss the requirements for remote administration, resource management and SLA management. It may be useful to consider Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists for DSIs OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. 2. Discuss briefly how you will consider application resilience, backup and disaster recovery for your chosen provider in relation to OSDS. This section should be no more than two to three pages in length. Answers: Introduction The Department of the Spatial Information (DSI) is the department of the state government that functions to provide proper as well as appropriate spatial information to the various government departments. The main functions of the DSI are to give spatial information to the public as well as government. Therefore, in order to give spatial information, DSI develops web services that used to deliver information using developed applications. This suite of web services, as well as applications for the DSI, is the Online Spatial Delivery System. With the use of this system, DSI makes their business processes more efficient as well as fast by providing information to the public services as well as government departments. DSI chooses Amazon Web Services cloud vendor for assessing the management requirements as well as provisions of the Service Level Agreement (SLA). This report reflects on the use of Online Spatial Delivery System by the DSI. It discusses the requirements for the remote administration, SLA as well as resource management. It consists of the Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists for the Online Spatial Delivery System of DSI. It summarizes the use of application resilience, disaster recovery as well as a backup for the chosen cloud provider. Finally, the guidelines of SLA assess the chosen cloud provider which helps to overcome with the SLA issues of DSI. 1.0 Requirements of remote administration, SLA and resource management in DSIs Online Spatial Delivery System DSI involved into a number of new projects to develop its business functionality by increasing the demand for spatial data (Rajarajeswari Aramudhan, 2014). The Executive Management of the DSI proposes to support their new Online Spatial Delivery System program by increasing the internal DSI capacity of the data centre in order to host as well as support their new proposed system. In order to provide more spatial information to the public as well as government, DSI requires developing their web infrastructure as well as supporting services (Barz Bassett, 2016). Therefore, the organization requires increasing in the data centre as well as bandwidth available to DSI. DSI desires to mitigate the Online Spatial Delivery System to the Amazon, cloud provider. It allows the organization to expand the data into internal maintenance system (Benslimane et al. 2014). It also helps to move the completed data to the cloud based delivery system for the purpose of publication. Requirement of remote administration: In order to work the new delivery system of DSI efficiently, there is a requirement of refresh the client side spatial system with new data baseline. In order to do so, remote maintenance services are required to synchronize the data against the system database (Rajarajeswari Aramudhan, 2014). Once the new baseline is established, then the remote administration services maintain the synchronicity of the data of client against the master data by upgrading the data bundles. Requirement of Service Level Agreement (SLA): SLA codifies the particular parameters and gives remedies for failure of the system requirements. It gives detailed system infrastructure for Online Spatial Delivery System for DSI as well as security standards that should be maintained by the service provider (Kracheel, Bronzi, Kazemi, 2014). It also consists of the rights in order to audit their compliance. The most vital functions of SLA are to ensure that the cloud meets the system requirements of the DSI. In order to develop the SLA within DSI, the following criteria are being established such as: Encryption of the stored as well as transmitted data Disaster recovery expectations Location of the data and access to the data Requirement of resource management: Before the implementation of Online Spatial Delivery System in DSI, it is required to evaluate the software as well as hardware requirements for the system (Sampaio Barbosa, 2016). While evaluation of the software resources, it includes performance, licensing and functionality. In the spatial information system software, the activities are command driven, and it requires the users to type the command in the system in order to execute the tasks (Almutairi et al. 2012). The software vendors are providing recommended specifications for the hardware in their websites. Even this system is compatible with the operating system used by the council such as UNIX, Windows, and Linux, etc. 1.1 Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists for Online Spatial Delivery System of DSI Amazon web services (AWS) uses the Morad and Dalbhanjans operational checklists to implement the delivery system for DSI that provides with a suite of infrastructure services that used to deploy their applications (Benslimane et al. 2014). The operational checklists used to evaluate if the system should give benefits to the DSI. Operational checklist items Description Security and Access Management Has DSI developed the security strategy to manage AWS, operating systems, data access as well as the network? Application high availability/ Resilience Does the AWS solution exceed the systems high availability as well as requirements of resilience? Application Disaster Recovery/ Backup Does the AWS solution exceed the systems disaster recovery as well as requirements of backup? Configure and change Does DSI have both configurations as well as change management for the resources for ASW? Asset Management Does DSI have identification strategy as well as tracking the resources of ASW? Release and Deployment Management Has DSI determined to integrate application releases as well as deployments to configuration strategy? Monitoring and incident management Has DSI configured monitoring tools to ASW resources into incident management processes? Billing and account governance Has DSI developed billing and account management? 2.0 Discussion of considering the application resilience, backup and disaster recovery for chosen provider based to Online Spatial Delivery System DSI has successfully operated their cloud applications on the Amazon Web Services. The application resilience, disaster recovery as well as backup increase the deployment as well as free operations of the organization (Ferwerda, Herendeen, Mousseau, 2015). These three strategic considerations are considered for existing as well as new application deployments on the AWS. DSI invests time as well as resources for assessing the operational willingness of the applications before launching higher rate of satisfaction of the organization (Chinneck, Litoiu, Woodside, 2014). The following are the operational strategies that provide best practices that DSI considers while developing an Online Spatial Delivery System for their organization. The three operational strategies are as follows: Application Resilience: The chosen cloud provider for DSI, Amazon Web Services provides an infrastructure that builds blocks in order to help DSI to meet their organizational requirements cost effectively (Wu Buyya, 2012). Effective application resilience consists of redundancy, various availability zones, load balancing, monitoring, recovery as well as auto scaling within the region. The following are the AWS that DSI considers while leveraging for application resilience: Running on various Amazon EC2 instances in various availability zones Auto-scaling for automation instance recovery (Chang et al. 2014). Elastic load balancing to balance load across various availability zones (Epstein Khan, 2014). Leveraging of synchronized data replication technologies such as database mirroring Multi-AZ Amazon Radio Data System used for various availability zones managed databases Backup: While loading large amount of data, the automated backups of ASW is used. This automated backup disables point-to-time recovery of the loaded data. The backup strategy of ASW consists of backup of the file data, database as well as machine images. Backing up the data for database contrasts from the web as well as application layers (Yang et al. 2015). Overall, databases contain a large number of business information in database-particular arrangements that must be held and secured at all times. In these cases, it is required to influence effective information development methods, such as snapshots to build backups that are fast, space efficient as well as reliable. Amazon RDS creates storage volume snapshot for the DB instance DB snapshots are the user-initiated backups. The database backups are storing by the Amazon RDS (Epstein Khan, 2014). Using of EBS snapshot copy across the various regions Amazon EC2 instance used to run the database (Narula Jain, 2015). Amazon Glacier is used to achieve the data Disaster Recovery: Each of the application requires disaster recovery requirements that require to recovery point as well as time objectives. The disaster recovery restricts the physical proximity among both primary as well as disaster recovery sites (Nogueira, Medhi, Doverspike, 2014). Effective disaster recovery strategy includes regional redundancy, global traffic management, and monitoring as well as region-to-region recovery. The following are the techniques of ASW that should be considered as part of the disaster recovery strategy: Storing of data and addition instances in various AWS regions Use of Amazon Glacier in order to achieve the data (Rose Krausmann, 2013). Leveraging of Amazon S3 versioning in order to provide protection for storing the data Leveraging of asynchronous data replication technologies such as database log shipping (Wei et al. 2015). Taking of periodic Amazon snapshots as well as any third party tools for quick recovery from the loss of data 3.0 Using of Erls SLA guidelines in order to assess SLA for chosen provider Amazon service level agreement is the policy leading the use of Amazon elastic compute cloud (Amazon EC2) below the terms as well as conditions of the Amazon Web Services customer agreement. It utilizes industrially sensible effort to formulate Amazon EC2 each accessible with a Monthly Uptime Percentage of no less than 99.95%, for every situation amid any month-to-month charging cycle. In the occasion, Amazon EC2 does not assemble the Service Commitment; it will be capable to obtain a Service Credit. Amazon web services cloud compliance enables the customers to know the robust controls at AWS in order to continue both securities as well as data protection within the cloud. Amazons service level agreement at various levels is categorized as follows: Customer based SLA: Amazon web services make an agreement with the customers group (Colman-Meixner et al. 2015). This agreement is done between the supplier as well as finance department for the services such as payroll system, finance system as well as a billing system. Service based SLA: It is an agreement for all the clients using the services that are provided by the service providers. Corporate level SLA: It covers all the SLA issues that are accurate to each of the customers through the organization (Newcombe et al. 2015). The issues are less volatile as well as updating is required. Customer level SLA: It covers the SLA issues that are relevant to the customer groups. It is mainly for meeting the customer's requirements (Azevedo et al. 2014). Data privacy is the top priority for AWS as they are delivering cloud services to millions of customers such as governmental and public services. Service level SLA: It covers all the SLA issues that are specific to the services such as customer groups (Janiesch Niemann, 2012). Monitoring, as well as reporting on the cloud performance, is based on the experience of the end user ability in order to consume the resources. AWS provides their customers to manage access to the content. They are providing a set of access, secure logging features as well as encryption techniques to help them secured their data. AWS Cloud Trail helps the customers to access the data. AWS develops a security assurance program using the global privacy as well as data protection techniques to help their customers establish a secured control environment. These security controls are validated by the third party independent assessments. Security by Design is the security assurance advance that used to formalize the AWS account design. It also automates the security controls as well as streamlines the auditing. AWS Security by Design is used to plan for the security as well as consistence abilities for all periods of security by permitting the client to outline everything inside the AWS client environment. It authorizes logging, trust connections, encryption implementation, and mandatory approved machine pictures. Security by Desi gn empowers clients to computerize the front-end structure of an AWS account, dependably coding security and consistence into AWS accounts, making the resistance of IT controls a thing of past times. Conclusion It is concluded that the Department of the Spatial Information (DSI) proposes to implement the Online Spatial Delivery System for increasing the demand for the spatial data. The Executive Management of the organization proposes to support this system implementation so that they can successfully implement it. Therefore, the management supports the implementation for increasing the infrastructure of the web as well as supports the services in the department. By increasing the DSI data centre, it supports as well as hosts the new implementation of the Online Spatial Delivery System. The chosen cloud provider for the DSI is Amazon Web Services. The executive management of the DSI decides that they are required with two of assessments such as technical management as well as service level agreement. The risks that DSI identifies are the security issues that are required to overcome with security assurance program. Remote support administrations are required to synchronize the information against the framework database. The most vital functions of SLA are to ensure that the cloud meets the system requirements of the DSI. It likewise comprises of the rights with a specific end goal to review their consistency. The most indispensable elements of SLA are to guarantee that the cloud meets with the framework necessities of the DSI. DSI contributes time and in addition assets for evaluating the operational ability of the applications before dispatching higher rate of the fulfillment of the association. References Almutairi, A., Sarfraz, M., Basalamah, S., Aref, W., Ghafoor, A. (2012). A distributed access control architecture for cloud computing.IEEE software,29(2), 36. Azevedo, L. G., Diirr, T., Baio, F., Santoro, F. (2014). A Business Model for Managing SOA Initiatives.iSys-Revista Brasileira de Sistemas de Informao,7(1), 4-33. Barz, H. W., Bassett, G. A. (2016).Multimedia Networks: Protocols, Design and Applications. John Wiley Sons. Benslimane, Y., Plaisent, M., Bernard, P., Bahli, B. (2014, December). 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